Journal
ESTONIAN JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 1, Pages 52-86Publisher
ESTONIAN ACADEMY PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.3176/arch.2017.1.03
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Funding
- (Estonia in Circum-Baltic space: archaeology of economic, social, and cultural processes) of the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT20-7]
- Estonian Science Foundation The reflections of the Eurasian Stone and Bronze Age social networks in the archaeological material of the Eastern Baltic
- European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence CECT)
- Estonian Research Council grant [PUTJD64]
- Feast in afterlife: Multidisciplinary study of ritual food in conversion period cemetery at Kukruse, NE-Estonia
- Lili Kaelas foundation research grant
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This paper gives a systematized overview of different Narva stage sites in Estonia, describing their artefactual and archaeozoological material, and environmental conditions. We demonstrate the diversity of Narva stage settlement types (sites on coastal river estuaries, coast, coastal lagoons, inland river banks and shores of inland lakes) and economy (marine, terrestrial/inland aquatic and mixed subsistence) in the region. A further site-based description of Narva pottery is also provided in order to exemplify the similarities and differences of this earliest pottery type in the eastern Baltic. We also present a comprehensive list of all currently available Narva stage radiocarbon dates from Estonia and Ingermanland (north-western Russia) according to which the Narva-type pottery in the northern part of its distribution area dates to the period c. 5200-3900 cal BC. Additionally, the issues of dating food crust, especially the high risk of reservoir effect offsets, are emphasized. We carried out a comparative study dating contemporaneous food crusts and plant remains and conducting lipid residue analysis employing combined methods of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-C-IRMS, EA-IRMS). The results demonstrate the implications and importance of characterizing lipid residues so that samples with reservoir correction can at least be identified.
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