Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 93, Issue -, Pages 139-145Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.038
Keywords
Flexible patch; Microfluidic; Sensors; Exercise; Saliva
Categories
Funding
- Elite Sport Performance Research in Training with Pervasive Sensing Programme - Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/11009744/1]
- Elite Sport Performance Research in Training with Pervasive Sensing Programme - UK Sports Council [EP/11009744/1]
- Smart Sensing for Surgery Project [EP/L014149/1]
- EPSRC [EP/H009744/1, EP/L014149/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/L014149/1, EP/H009744/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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In sport, exercise and healthcare settings, there is a need for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers to assess human performance, health and wellbeing. Here we report the development of a flexible microfluidic platform with fully integrated sensing for on-body testing of human sweat. The system can simultaneously and selectively measure metabolite (e.g. lactate) and electrolytes (e.g. pH, sodium) together with temperature sensing for internal calibration. The construction of the platform is designed such that continuous flow of sweat can pass through an array of flexible microneedle type of sensors (50 gm diameter) incorporated in a microfluidic channel. Potentiometric sodium ion sensors were developed using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) functional membrane deposited on an electrochemically deposited internal layer of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer. The pH sensing layer is based on a highly sensitive membrane of iridium oxide (IrOx). The amperometric-based lactate sensor consists of doped enzymes deposited on top of a semipermeable copolymer membrane and outer polyurethane layers. Real-time data were collected from human subjects during cycle ergometry and treadmill running. A detailed comparison of sodium, lactate and cortisol from saliva is reported, demonstrating the potential of the multi-sensing platform for tracking these outcomes. In summary, a fully integrated sensor for continuous, simultaneous and selective measurement of sweat metabolites, electrolytes and temperature was achieved using a flexible microfluidic platform. This system can also transmit information wirelessly for ease of collection and storage, with the potential for real-time data analytics.
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