Journal
FOOD & FUNCTION
Volume 8, Issue 11, Pages 4179-4186Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00375g
Keywords
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Funding
- U.S. National Institutes of Health [CA120915, CA72720, ES05022]
- John L. Colaizzi Chair Endowment fund
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Phytosterols, the plant analogues of cholesterol, widely occur in the human diet. In this study, we investigated and compared the effects of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol (both with purities >= 95%) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high fat Western-style diet. Mice treated with DSS developed severe mucosal colitis, with a marked distortion and crypt loss of colonic surface epithelium. Both beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol significantly inhibited colon shortening, lowered fecal hemoglobin content, and reduced the severity of colitis in the middle and distal colon (p < 0.05). These phytosterols also significantly suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B. They also significantly decreased colony stimulating factor-1 and the nuclear translocation of inflammatory master regulator nuclear factor-kappa B. Stigmasterol significantly lowered the colonic inflammation score and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and colony stimulating factor-1, while beta-sitosterol was less or not effective. These results suggest that dietary intake of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol ameliorates colitis. Such activities of stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol in humans remain to be investigated.
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