Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 29, Pages 24778-24787Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05484
Keywords
perovskite solar cell; hole-transport materials; p-i-n configuration; electrochemistry; spectroelectrochemistiy
Funding
- Austrian Research Promotion Agency-FFG (Bridge-Early Stage COMPOSTRONICS) [5730587]
- Italian MIUR PON2 Molecular NAnotechnology for HeAlth and EnvironmenT (MAAT) [PON02_00563_3316357 CUP B31C12001230005]
- Italian MIUR SIR Two-Dimensional Colloidal Metal Dichalcogenides based Energy-Conversion Photovoltaics (2D ECO) [RBSI14-FYVD, 197]
- Italian MIUR PRIN 2015 - PERrovskite-based Solar cells: towards high Efficiency and long-term stability (PERSEO) [20155LECAJ, 2488]
- Adolphe Merkle and the Swiss National Science Foundation (Program NRP70) [153990]
- Apulia Region project NANOAPULIA- nanofotocatalizzatori per un'atmosfera piuplita (Cluster Tecnologici Regionali) [MDI6SR1 - CUP B38C14001140008]
- Apulia Region
- ARTI for Future in Research project HyLight [GOWMB21]
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Due to a still limited understanding of the reasons making 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) for emerging photovoltaic applications, the molecular tailoring of organic components for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) lacks in solid design criteria. Charge delocalization in radical cationic states can undoubtedly be considered as one of the essential prerequisites for an HTM, but this aspect has been investigated to a relatively minor extent. In marked contrast with the 3-D structure of Spiro-OMeTAD, truxene-based HTMs Trux1 and Trux2 have been employed for the first time in PSCs fabricated with a direct (n-i-p) or inverted (p-i-n) architecture, exhibiting a peculiar behavior with respect to the referential HTM. Notwithstanding the efficient hole extraction from the perovskite layer exhibited by Trux1 and Trux2 in direct configuration devices, their photovoltaic performances were detrimentally affected by their poor hole transport. Conversely, an outstanding improvement of the photovoltaic performances in dopant-free inverted configuration devices compared to Spiro-OMeTAD was recorded, ascribable to the use of thinner HTM layers. The rationalization of the photovoltaic performances exhibited by different configuration devices discussed in this paper can provide new and unexpected prospects for engineering the interface between the active layer of perovskite-based solar cells and the hole transporters.
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