Journal
JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION
Volume 109, Issue 6, Pages E184-E196Publisher
AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC
DOI: 10.5942/jawwa.2017.109.0036
Keywords
chloramination; chlorination; cyanobacteria; disinfection by-products; N-nitrosamines
Categories
Funding
- Australian Research Council [LP0882550, LP110100548]
- Water Corporation of Western Australia
- Water Research Australia
- GHD Pty Ltd
- Curtin University
- Australian Research Council [LP110100548, LP0882550] Funding Source: Australian Research Council
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study investigated the formation of eight N-nitrosamines after laboratory chlorination and chloramination of Western Australian source waters (from protected catchments), which experience periodic cyanobacterial blooms. All measured N-nitrosamines, except N-nitrosodipropylamine, were detected at least once, and total N-nitrosamine formation was higher after chloramination than after chlorination. While previous studies have shown that some cyanobacteria can be related to the formation of N-nitrosamines, formation of N-nitrosamines in the waters tested did not correlate with total cyanobacteria count. Estimates of toxicity, using published 50% lifetime excess cancer risk values, indicated that N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was the highest contributor to the total measured N-nitrosamine toxicity, suggesting that other measured N-nitrosamines will only influence toxicity when they arepresent at significantly higher concentrations than NDMA. When assessing the overall health impact of disinfection by-products, it is important to also consider the formationof disinfection by-products other than N-nitrosamines, which may be present at higher concentrations and thus may present higher toxicity.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available