Urinary pH is a predictor of diabetes in men; a population based large scale cohort study

Aims: Previous cross-sectional studies revealed that patients with type 2 diabetes were associated with low urine pH. However, the association between urinary pH and incident type 2 diabetes is still unclear. Thus, we investigated the association between urinary pH and incident type 2 diabetes. Methods: This is a 5-year observational study of 3119 men. We divided participants into four groups according to quartile of urinary pH. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for incident type 2 diabetes. We adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, exercise, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and impaired fasting glycaemia. Results: In the follow-up examination, 113 men diagnosed as diabetes. The proportion of incident diabetes was 6.9% (case/N = 22/318) in the lowest urinary pH group (urinary pH = 5.0), 3.4% (46/1366) in the second lowest group (urinary pH = 5.5), 3.5% (30/856) in the third lowest group (urinary pH = 6.0) and 2.6% (15/579) in the highest group (urinary pH >= 6.5). The lowest urinary pH group was associated with the increased risk of incident diabetes compared to the other urinary pH groups (multivariate OR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.05-3.36, p = 0.033 for the second lowest, multivariate OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.05-3.71, p = 0.036 for the third lowest and multivariate OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.30-5.72, p = 0.008 for the highest urinary pH groups). Conclusions: Low urine pH is an independent predictor of diabetes. We suggest that the urine pH can be an easy practical marker for diabetes. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.