Journal
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
Volume 47, Issue 8, Pages 2621-2627Publisher
SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3169-2
Keywords
Autism spectrum disorder; Gastrointestinal problems; Siblings; Infections; Breastfeeding; Cesarean section
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Funding
- Swedish Research Council
- Strategic Research Program in Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet
- EU-AIMS (European Autism Interventions)
- Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking [115300]
- European Union
- European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations
- Autism Speaks
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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been associated with gastrointestinal (GI) problems, but the nature of this association is unclear. Parents to siblings, concordant or discordant for ASD (N = 217), participated in a web survey covering mother's weight gain during pregnancy, maternal viral/bacterial infection and use of antibiotics, duration of breastfeeding, mode of delivery, birth weight and child GI problems. ASD was associated with GI problems and perinatal environmental risk, based on a summation of maternal infection and antibiotic use during pregnancy and/or the breastfeeding period. The association between GI problems and ASD remained within the sibling pairs (beta = 1.23; p < .001) in the adjusted model. Our results indicate non-shared environmental effects on the ASD/GI association, but none of the factors examined explained the link.
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