Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 106, Issue 2, Pages 568-580Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.140962
Keywords
breastfeeding; BMI; growth patterns; body composition; longitudinal; Project Early Nutrition; Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study; European Childhood Obesity Prevention trial; Norwegian Human Milk Study; Prevention of Coeliac Disease
Categories
Funding
- Commission of the European Communities, the 7th Framework Programme [FP7-289346-EARLY NUTRITION]
- European Research Council Advanced Grant ERC-AdG [322605 META-GROWTH]
- University of Western Australia
- Curtin University
- Telethon Kids Institute
- Raine Medical Research Foundation
- University of Western Australia Faculty of Medicine
- Dentistry and Health Sciences
- Women and Infants Research Foundation
- Edith Cowan University
- National Health and Medical Research Council [FP7-289346-EARLY NUTRITION, 1021105, 1037966, 1022134]
- Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia
- Alcon Research Institute
- Lions Eye Institute
- Australian Foundation for the Prevention of Blindness
- Project Early Nutrition
- Commission of the European Community, specific RTD Programme Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources, within the 5th Framework Programme [QLRT-2001-00389, QLK1-CT-2002-30582]
- 6th Framework Programme [007036]
- European Union Commission [QLRT-2001-00389]
- European Commission [FP6-2005-FOOD-4B-36383-PREVENTCD]
- Azrieli Foundation
- Deutsche Zoliakie Gesellschaft
- Eurospital
- Fondazione Celiachia
- Fria Brod
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- Spanish Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
- Komitet Badan Naukowych [1715/B/P01/2008/34]
- Fundacja Nutricia [1W44/FNUT3/2013]
- Hungarian Scientific Research Funds [OT-KA101788, TAMOP 2.2.11/1/KONV-2012-0023]
- Stichting Coeliakie Onderzoek Nederland
- Thermo Fisher Scientific
- European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
- Norwegian Research Council's MILPAAHEL program [213148]
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Background: Growth patterns of breastfed and formula-fed infants may differ, with formula-fed infants growing more rapidly than breastfed infants into childhood and adulthood. Objective: Our objectives were to identify growth patterns and investigate early nutritional programming potential on growth patterns at 6 y and on body composition at 20 y. Design: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study and 3 European cohort studies (European Childhood Obesity Trial, Norwegian Human Milk Study, and Prevention of Coeliac Disease) that collaborate in the European Union-funded Early Nutrition project combined, harmonized, and pooled data on full breastfeeding, anthropometry, and body composition. Latent growth mixture modeling was applied to identify growth patterns among the 6708 individual growth trajectories. The association of full breastfeeding for, <3 mo compared with >= 3 mo with the identified trajectory classes was assessed by logistic regression. Differences in body composition at 20 y among the identified trajectory classes were tested by analysis of variance. Results: Three body mass index (BMI; in kg/m(2)) trajectory patterns were identified and labeled as follows-class 1: persistent, accelerating, rapid growth (5%); class 2: early, nonpersistent, rapid growth (40%); and class 3: normative growth (55%). A shorter duration of full breastfeeding for,3 mo was associated with being in rapid-growth class 1 (OR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.79) and class 2 (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.55) rather than the normative-growth class 3 after adjustment for covariates. Both rapid-growth classes showed significant associations with body composition at 20 y (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Full breastfeeding for,3 mo compared with >= 3 mo may be associated with rapid growth in early childhood and body composition in young adulthood. Rapid-growth patterns in early childhood could be a mediating link between infant feeding and long-term obesity risk.
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