Innovative constant resistance large deformation bolt for rock support in high stressed rock mass

Bolt supporting is a major technology used in highly stressed surrounding rock support. Although significant developments of new patterns of bolts have been documented, the stiffness problem which causes the bolt to cannot adapt to the large deformation of surrounding rock was still unsolved. Hence, a novel bolt with constant working resistance and steady large deformation was developed to bear creep deformation and impact load. The constant resistance large deformation bolt (CRLD bolt) was composed of constant resistance element, bolt rod, baffle plate, and tightening nut, which would efficiently control the engineering disasters such as collapse and rock blast. The results of static tensile tests indicated that the CRLD bolt could provide constant resistance ranging from 120 to 130 kN, and the maximal elongation length was 1100 mm without bolt breaking at tensile rate of 10, 20, and 100 mm/s, respectively. Tensile rate has no obvious relationship with constant resistance force. Dynamical impact tests showed that bolt resistance property and its absorption capacity of impact energy were stable, and the dynamic constant resistance changed from 90 to 120 kN, with the impacting height for drop hammers of 10 and 1000 mm. It has also been proved that this kind of bolt has good performance in practical application such as in Qing Shui coal mine. The in situ monitoring results indicate that the CRLD bolt is able to retain rock mass stability and prevent the surrounding rocks from being destructed due to its large-scale deformation. Overall, CRLD bolt is suitable for large deformation, constant resistance, and energy absorption.