Journal
NATURE IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 8, Pages 851-860Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ni.3780
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Funding
- NIH [DK072201, DK111862, AI073899, AI123284, AI127658, DK099381, DK098310, AI123819, DP5OD012116, AI123368, DK110262, AI061570, AI087990, AI074878, AI083480, AI095466, AI095608, AI102942, AI097333]
- Searle Scholars Program
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- American Cancer Society
- Leukemia & Lymphoma Society
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation Senior Research Award [346814]
- Charina Foundation
- Crohn's and Colitis Foundation
- American Asthma Foundation Scholar Award
- Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America [AI095608, AI102942, AI097333]
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The study of the intestinal microbiota has begun to shift from cataloging individual members of the commensal community to understanding their contributions to the physiology of the host organism in health and disease. Here, we review the effects of the microbiome on innate and adaptive immunological players from epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells to innate lymphoid cells and regulatory T cells. We discuss recent studies that have identified diverse microbiota-derived bioactive molecules and their effects on inflammation within the intestine and distally at sites as anatomically remote as the brain. Finally, we highlight new insights into how the microbiome influences the host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as susceptibility to autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders.
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