Journal
ACTA MATERIALIA
Volume 132, Issue -, Pages 106-117Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.027
Keywords
Directed energy deposition (DED); Cooling rate; Anisotropy; Porosity; Titanium alloys
Funding
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [70NANB13H194]
- MRSEC Program of the Materials Research Center at Northwestern University [NSF DMR-1121262]
- National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship [DGE-1324585]
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Additive manufacturing (AM) of titanium alloys is a rapidly growing field due to an increase in design flexibility of parts. However, AM parts are highly anisotropic in material microstructure and mechanical behavior due to the change of the local processing conditions in the build-up process. This study follows a link chain model to investigate the relationships between process parameters, cooling rate, porosity and mechanical behavior. The aim of this work is to present a framework that is inspired by the three link chain model. The framework combines theoretical, computational and experimental approaches. We demonstrate this by using an in-house thermal simulator to link predicted cooling rates with micrographs describing experimental shape descriptors to develop a relationship between solidification cooling rate and porosity geometry. Finally, representative volume elements from predicted porosity maps allow for a prediction of mechanical properties at localized areas. The capability of being able to predict mechanical behavior of titanium alloys is demonstrated for the directed energy deposition process. (C) 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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