Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Volume 29, Issue 2, Pages 231-262Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jel/eqw033
Keywords
Climate change; international shipping; private standards; EU-MRV; meta-regulation
Funding
- EPSRC [EP/K039253/1]
- EPSRC [EP/K039253/1, EP/K011839/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K039253/1, EP/K011839/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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This article examines private standards that aim to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in shipping. These have emerged against a backdrop of regulatory inertia and the exclusion of international shipping from the Paris Climate Change Agreement. They are a product of complex governance arrangements and they have addressed areas of market failure that have held back fuel efficiency advances that are made possible by technological innovations. These private standards hold considerable promise but suffer to different degrees from certain weaknesses, notably a lack of transparency, a low level of ambition and concerns about data reliability. This article examines these deficiencies together with the reasons for them, and assesses the role that law could play in addressing them. It argues that the conditions may be present for the mitigation of shipping's GHG emissions to become a site of 'hybrid' governance, combining private standards and state/supra-state law in a productive way.
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