Journal
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 7, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201700732
Keywords
batteries; dendrite; Li3N; lithium; wetting
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Funding
- Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program [7223523]
- Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) [DE-EE0007762]
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Lithium metal is an ultimate anode material to provide the highest energy density for a given cathode by providing a higher capacity and cell voltage. However, lithium is not used as the anode in commercial lithium-ion batteries because electrochemical dendrite formation and growth during charge can induce a cell short circuit that ignites the flammable liquid electrolyte. Plating of lithium through a bed of Li-3 N particles is shown to transform dendrite growth into a 3D lithium network formed by wetting the particle surfaces; plating through a Li3N particle is without dendrite nucleation. The Li3N particles create a higher overpotential during Li deposition than that with dendrite growth in galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The characteristic overpotential increase is correlated with the morphological changes and a more isotropic growth behavior. The Li3N-modified Li electrode shows a stable cycling performance at 0.5 and 1.0 mA cm(-2) for more than 100 cycles. The origin of the bonding responsible for wetting of the Li3N particles by lithium and for plating through a Li3N particle is discussed.
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