Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 9, Issue 31, Pages 26518-26530Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05326
Keywords
atomic layer deposition; cathode electrolyte interphase; sodium ion batteries; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy impedance
Funding
- National Science Foundation [DMR1608968]
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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commonly used coating technique for lithium ion battery electrodes. Recently, it has been applied to sodium ion battery anode materials. ALD is known to improve the cycling performance, Coulombic efficiency of batteries, and maintain electrode integrity. Here, the electrochemical performance of uncoated P-2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 electrodes is compared to that of ALDcoated Al2O3 P-2-Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 electrodes. Given that ALD coatings are in the early stage of development for NIB cathode materials, little is known about how ALD coatings, in particular aluminum oxide (Al2O3), affect the electrode-electrolyte O interface. Therefore, full characterizations of its effects are presented in this work. For the first time, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to elucidate the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on ALD-coated electrodes. It contains less carbonate species and more inorganic species, which allows for fast Na kinetics, resulting in significant increase in Coulombic efficiency and decrease in cathode impedance. The effectiveness of Al2O3 ALD- coating is also surprisingly reflected in the enhanced mechanical stability of the particle which prevents particle exfoliation.
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