Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14665
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Funding
- European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), through the European Research Council [232913, 609989]
- European Union [634942]
- Fundacion Botin
- Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [BIO2007-61762, BFU2013-47736-P]
- National Plan of R+D+i
- ISCIII-Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion [PI10/01702]
- Human Frontiers Science Program [RGP0044]
- ERASynBio/MINECO Grant [PCIN-2015-125]
- European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)
- Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa [SEV-2012-0208]
- CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya
- ICREA Funding Source: Custom
- European Research Council (ERC) [232913] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [24117001, 24117002] Funding Source: KAKEN
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DNA-binding proteins are central regulators of chromosome organization; however, in genome-reduced bacteria their diversity is largely diminished. Whether the chromosomes of such bacteria adopt defined three-dimensional structures remains unexplored. Here we combine Hi-C and super-resolution microscopy to determine the structure of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae chromosome at a 10 kb resolution. We find a defined structure, with a global symmetry between two arms that connect opposite poles, one bearing the chromosomal Ori and the other the midpoint. Analysis of local structures at a 3 kb resolution indicates that the chromosome is organized into domains ranging from 15 to 33 kb. We provide evidence that genes within the same domain tend to be co-regulated, suggesting that chromosome organization influences transcriptional regulation, and that supercoiling regulates local organization. This study extends the current understanding of bacterial genome organization and demonstrates that a defined chromosomal structure is a universal feature of living systems.
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