Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14977
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Aase and Ejner Danielsens Foundation
- Academy of Finland [41071, 77299, 102318, 110413, 117787, 121584, 123885, 124243, 124282, 126925, 129378, 134309, 286284]
- Accare Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Action on Hearing Loss [G51]
- Agence Nationale de la 359 Recherche
- Agency for Health Care Policy Research [HS06516]
- ALF/LUA research grant in Gothenburg
- ALFEDIAM
- ALK-Abello 'A/S
- Althingi
- American Heart Association [13POST16500011]
- Amgen
- Andrea and Charles Bronfman Philanthropies
- Ardix Medical
- Arthritis Research UK
- Association Diabete Risque Vasculaire
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Council [241944, 339462, 389875, 389891, 389892, 389927, 389938, 442915, 442981, 496739, 552485, 552498]
- Avera Institute
- Bayer Diagnostics
- Becton Dickinson
- BHF [RG/14/5/30893]
- Boston Obesity Nutrition Research Center [DK46200]
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- British Heart Foundation [RG/10/12/28456, RG2008/08, RG2008/014, SP/04/002]
- Medical Research Council of Canada
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research
- Cancer Research UK
- Cardionics
- Cavadis B. V.
- Center for Medical Systems Biology
- Center of Excellence in Genomics
- CFI
- CIHR
- City of Kuopio
- CNAMTS
- Cohortes Sante TGIR
- Contrat de Projets Etat-Region
- Croatian Science Foundation [8875]
- Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation
- Danish Council for Independent Research [DFF-133300124, DFF-1331-00730B]
- County Council of Dalarna
- Dalarna University
- Danish Council for Strategic Research
- Danish Diabetes Academy
- Danish Medical Research Council
- Department of Health, UK
- Development Fund from the University of Tartu (SP1GVARENG)
- Diabetes Hilfs-und Forschungsfonds Deutschland
- Diabetes UK
- Diabetes Research and Wellness Foundation Fellowship
- Donald W. Reynolds Foundation
- Dr Robert Pfleger-Stiftung
- Dutch Brain Foundation
- Dutch Diabetes Research Foundation
- Dutch Inter University Cardiology Institute
- Dutch Kidney Foundation [E033]
- Dutch Ministry of Justice
- DynaHEALTH action [633595]
- Economic Structure Enhancing Fund of the Dutch Government
- Else Kroner-Fresenius-Stiftung [2012_ A147, P48/08//A11/08]
- Emil Aaltonen Foundation
- Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam
- Erasmus MC
- Erasmus University Rotterdam
- Municipality of Rotterdam
- Estonian Government [IUT20-60, IUT24-6]
- Estonian Research Roadmap through the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [3.2.0304.11-0312]
- European Research Council (ERC) [323195: SZ-245 50371-GLUCOSEGENESFP7-IDEAS-ERC]
- European Regional Development Fund
- European Science Foundation [EU/QLRT-2001-01254]
- European Commission [018947, 018996, 201668, 223004, 230374, 279143, 284167, 305739, BBMRI-LPC-313010, HEALTH-2011.2.4.2-2-EUMASCARA, HEALTH-2011-278913]
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine of Lausanne
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research [01ZZ0103, 01ZZ0403, 01ZZ9603, 03IS2061A, 03ZIK012]
- Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- Federation Francaise de Cardiologie
- Finnish Cultural Foundation
- Finnish Diabetes Association
- Finnish Foundation of Cardiovascular Research
- Finnish Heart Association
- Fondation Leducq
- Food Standards Agency
- Foundation for Strategic Research
- French Ministry of Research
- FRSQ
- Genetic Association Information Network (GAIN) of the Foundation for the NIH
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [01ER1206, 01ER1507]
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Greek General Secretary of Research and Technology
- Goteborg Medical Society
- Health and Safety Executive
- Healthcare NHS Trust
- Healthway
- Western Australia
- Heart Foundation of Northern Sweden
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health
- Hjartavernd
- Ingrid Thurings Foundation
- INSERM
- InterOmics [PB05 MIUR-CNR]
- INTERREG IV Oberrhein Program [A28]
- Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN) [09.001]
- Italian Ministry of Health [ICS110.1/RF97.71]
- Italian Ministry of Economy and Finance (FaReBio di Qualita
- Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation
- Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sports, the Netherlands
- Catherine T, MacArthur Foundation Research Networks on Successful Midlife Development and Socioeconomic Status and Health
- Juho Vainio Foundation
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
- KfH Stiftung Praventivmedizin e. V
- King's College London
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Kuopio University Hospital
- Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospital Medical Funds [X51001]
- La Fondation de France
- Leenaards Foundation
- Lilly
- LMUinnovativ
- Lundberg Foundation
- Magnus Bergvall Foundation
- MDEIE
- Medical Research Council UK [G0000934, G0601966, G0700931, MC_U106179471, MC_UU_12019/1]
- MEKOS Laboratories
- Merck Sante
- Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Cultural Affairs of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Education and Culture of Finland [627]
- Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, The Netherlands
- Ministry of Science, Education and Sport in the Republic of Croatia [108-1080315-0302]
- MRC centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology
- MRC Human Genetics Unit
- MRC-GlaxoSmithKline pilot programme [G0701863]
- MSD Stipend Diabetes
- National Institute for Health Research
- Netherlands Brain Foundation [F2013(1)-28]
- Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative [CVON2011-19]
- Netherlands Genomics Initiative [050-060-810]
- Netherlands Heart Foundation [2001 D 032, NHS2010B280]
- Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO)
- Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) [56-46414192, 60-60600-97-118, 100-001-004, 261-98-710, 400-05-717, 480-04-004, 480-05-003, 481-08-013, 904-61-090, 904-61-193, 911-11-025, 985-10-002, Addiction-31160008, BBMRI-NL 184.021.007]
- Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam
- NHS Foundation Trust
- National Institutes of Health [1RC2MH089951, 1Z01HG000024, 24152, 263MD9164, 263MD821336, 2R01LM010098, 32100-2, 32122, 32108, 5K99HL130580-02, AA07535, AA10248, AA11998, AA13320, AA13321, AA13326, AA14041, AA17688, AG13196]
- NIH, National Institute on Aging [NO1-AG-1-2109]
- Northern Netherlands Collaboration of Provinces
- Novartis Pharma
- Novo Nordisk
- Novo Nordisk Foundation
- Nutricia Research Foundation [2016-T1]
- ONIVINS
- Parnassia Bavo group
- Pierre Fabre
- Province of Groningen
- Paivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation
- Pahlssons Foundation
- Paavo Nurmi Foundation
- Radboud Medical Center Nijmegen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health
- Capital Region of Denmark
- Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly
- Research into Ageing
- Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center
- Roche
- Royal Society
- Russian Foundation for Basic Research [NWO-RFBR 047.017.043]
- Rutgers University Cell and DNA Repository [NIMH U24 MH068457-06]
- Sanofi-Aventis
- Scottish Government Health Directorates, Chief Scientist Office [CZD/16/6]
- Siemens Healthcare
- Social Insurance Institution of Finland [4/26/2010]
- Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania
- Societe Francophone du 358 Diabete
- State of Bavaria
- Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor
- Stockholm County Council [560183, 592229]
- Strategic Cardiovascular and Diabetes Programmes of Karolinska Institutet
- Stockholm County Council
- Stroke Association
- Swedish Diabetes Association
- Swedish Diabetes Foundation [2013-024]
- Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research
- Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation [20120197, 20150711]
- Swedish Research Council [0593, 8691, 2012-1397, 2012-1727, 2012-2215]
- Swedish Society for Medical Research
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics
- Swiss National Science Foundation [3100AO-116323/1, 31003A-143914, 33CSCO-122661, 33CS30-139468, 33CS30-148401, 51RTP0_ 151019]
- Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation
- Technology Foundation STW [11679]
- Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Vlaanderen, Ministry of the Flemish Community [G. 0880.13, G. 0881.13]
- Great Wine Estates of the Margaret River Region of Western Australia
- Timber Merchant Vilhelm Bangs Foundation
- Topcon
- Tore Nilsson Foundation
- Torsten and Ragnar Soderberg's Foundation
- United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation [2011036]
- Umea University
- University Hospital of Regensburg
- University of Groningen
- University Medical Center Groningen
- University of Michigan
- University of Utrecht
- Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX) [b2011036]
- Velux Foundation
- VU University's Institute for Health and Care Research
- Vastra Gotaland Foundation
- Wellcome Trust [068545, 076113, 079895, 084723, 088869, WT064890, WT086596, WT098017, WT090532, WT098051, 098381]
- Wissenschaftsoffensive TMO
- Yrjo Jahnsson Foundation
- Ake Wiberg Foundation
- The European Commission [IMI/115006, LSHG-CT-2006-018947, LSHG-CT-2006-01947, LSHM-CT-2004-005272, LSHM-CT-2006-037697, LSHM-CT-2007-037273, QLG1-CT-2002-00896, QLG2-CT2002- 01254]
- The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZonMW) [GB-MaGW 452-04-314, GB-MaGW 452-06-004, GB-MaGW 480-01-006, GB-MaGW 480-07-001, GB-MW 940-38-011, Middelgroot-911-09-032, NBIC/BioAssist/RK 2008.024, Spinozapremie 175.010.2003.005, 175.010.2007.006]
- The National Institutes of Health [ES10126, HG004790, HHSN268200625226C, HHSN268200800007C, HHSN268201200036C, HHSN268201500001I, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C, HHSN268201100004C, HHSN271201100004C]
- A European Commission [HEALTH-2011-294713-EPLORE, HEALTH-F22008- 201865-GEFOS, HEALTH-F2-2013-601456, HEALTH-F4-2007-201413, HEALTH-F4-2007-201550-HYPERGENES, HEALTH-F7-305507 HOMAGE]
- A National Institutes of Health [N01AG12100, N01HC55015, N01HC55016, N01C55018, N01HC55019, N01HC55020, N01HC55021, N01HC55022, N01HC85079, N01HC85080, N01HC95161, N01HC95162, N01HC95163, N01HC95164, N01HC95165, N01HC95166, N01HC95167, N01HC95168, N01HC95169]
- NIH [CA047988, DA12854, DK56350, DK063491, DK078150, DK091718, DK100383, DK078616, HL043851, HL45670, HL080467, HL085144, HL087660, HL054457, HL119443, HL118305, HL071981, HL034594, HL126024, HL130114, KL2TR001109, MH66206, MH081802]
- The NIH [R01DK075787, R01DK089256, R01HL53353, R01HL59367, R01HL086694, R01HL087641, R01HL087652, R01HL103612, R01HL105756, R01HL117078, R01HL120393, U01DK062418, U01HG004402, U01HG004802, U01HG007376, U01HL080295, UL1RR025005]
- A NIH [N01HG65403, N01WH22110, N02HL6-4278, N01-HC-25195, P01CA33619, N01HC85081, N01HC85082, N01HC85083, N01HC85086, N01HC95159, N01HC95160, U01AG009740, U01CA98758, U01CA136792, HG002651, HL084729, N01-HC25195, UM1CA182913]
- National institute health [R37CA54281, RC2AG036495, RC4AG039029, RPPG040710371, RR20649, TW008288, TW05596, R03 AG046389, R01DK062370, R01DK072193, R01HD057194, R01AG023629, R01CA63, R01D004215701A, UL1TR000040, UL1TR000124, UL1TR001079, 2T32HL007055-36, T32GM074905]
- MRC [G1001799, MR/K013351/1, MR/N01104X/2, MC_PC_U127561128, MC_UU_12015/2, MC_UU_12019/1, G0701863, MR/N01104X/1, MC_UU_12015/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- British Heart Foundation [RG/10/12/28456, RG/14/5/30893] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MR/N01104X/2, MC_PC_U127561128, MC_UU_12019/1, MR/N01104X/1, G1001799, MC_UU_12015/2, MC_UU_12015/1, MR/K013351/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- National Institute for Health Research [NF-SI-0611-10099] Funding Source: researchfish
- Novo Nordisk Fonden [NNF14OC0009883, NNF13OC0005785, NNF16OC0021214, NNF14OC0011039, NNF15OC0016220, NNF14OC0010513, NNF13OC0004839] Funding Source: researchfish
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen (SDCC) [SDCC 3.A Complications] Funding Source: researchfish
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Few genome-wide association studies (GWAS) account for environmental exposures, like smoking, potentially impacting the overall trait variance when investigating the genetic contribution to obesity-related traits. Here, we use GWAS data from 51,080 current smokers and 190,178 nonsmokers (87% European descent) to identify loci influencing BMI and central adiposity, measured as waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio both adjusted for BMI. We identify 23 novel genetic loci, and 9 loci with convincing evidence of gene-smoking interaction (GxSMK) on obesity-related traits. We show consistent direction of effect for all identified loci and significance for 18 novel and for 5 interaction loci in an independent study sample. These loci highlight novel biological functions, including response to oxidative stress, addictive behaviour, and regulatory functions emphasizing the importance of accounting for environment in genetic analyses. Our results suggest that tobacco smoking may alter the genetic susceptibility to overall adiposity and body fat distribution.
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