Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01285-x
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Funding
- German Research Foundation (DFG) [MA 6340/10-1, MA 6340/12-1]
- NSERC Discovery Grant program
- institutional Universite de Sherbrooke Research Chair in Neuroinformatics
- Physical Sciences division of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) [612.001.104]
- NWO [639.072.411]
- Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC)
- Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships-Doctoral Program (CGS-D3) from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Wellcome Trust [103759/Z/14/Z]
- DFG SFB [936/A1, 936/Z3, TRR 169/A2]
- Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM) of the Geneva-Lausanne Universities
- EPFL
- foundation Leenaards
- foundation Louis-Jeantet
- Swiss National Science Foundation [205321_144529, 31003A_157063]
- National Cancer Institute [CA90246]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [61379020]
- NIH [P41EB015902, P41EB015898]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [31003A_157063, 205321_144529] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
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Tractography based on non-invasive diffusion imaging is central to the study of human brain connectivity. To date, the approach has not been systematically validated in ground truth studies. Based on a simulated human brain data set with ground truth tracts, we organized an open international tractography challenge, which resulted in 96 distinct submissions from 20 research groups. Here, we report the encouraging finding that most state-of-the-art algorithms produce tractograms containing 90% of the ground truth bundles (to at least some extent). However, the same tractograms contain many more invalid than valid bundles, and half of these invalid bundles occur systematically across research groups. Taken together, our results demonstrate and confirm fundamental ambiguities inherent in tract reconstruction based on orientation information alone, which need to be considered when interpreting tractography and connectivity results. Our approach provides a novel framework for estimating reliability of tractography and encourages innovation to address its current limitations.
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