Journal
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 8, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01852-2
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation [P2ELP2-158896]
- Swedish Research Council [2015-06334]
- National Science Foundation [CMMI-1661672]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P2ELP2_158896] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Swedish Research Council [2015-06334] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
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Inducing thermal gradients in fluid systems with initial, well-defined density gradients results in the formation of distinct layered patterns, such as those observed in the ocean due to double-diffusive convection. In contrast, layered composite fluids are sometimes observed in confined systems of rather chaotic initial states, for example, lattes formed by pouring espresso into a glass of warm milk. Here, we report controlled experiments injecting a fluid into a miscible phase and show that, above a critical injection velocity, layering emerges over a time scale of minutes. We identify critical conditions to produce the layering, and relate the results quantitatively to double-diffusive convection. Based on this understanding, we show how to employ this single-step process to produce layered structures in soft materials, where the local elastic properties vary step-wise along the length of the material.
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