Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
Volume 44, Issue -, Pages 178-185Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.04.011
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Funding
- National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, MD) [R01 AG053582, P01 GM118629, TR01 GM104948]
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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General anesthesia is a man-made neurophysiological state comprised of unconsciousness, amnesia, analgesia, and immobility along with maintenance of physiological stability. Growing evidence suggests that anesthetic-induced neural oscillations are a primary mechanism of anesthetic action. Each anesthetic drug class produces distinct oscillatory dynamics that can be related to the circuit mechanisms of drug action. Sleep is a naturally occurring state of decreased arousal that is essential for normal health. Physiological measurements (electrooculogram, electromyogram) and neural oscillatory (electroencephalogram) dynamics are used to empirically characterize sleep into rapid eye movement sleep and the three stages of non-rapid eye movement sleep. In this review, we discuss the differences between anesthesia- and sleep-induced altered states from the perspective of neural oscillations.
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