Journal
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
Volume 10, Issue 9, Pages 1061-1074Publisher
COMPANY BIOLOGISTS LTD
DOI: 10.1242/dmm.030403
Keywords
Cancer; Metastasis; Mouse models; Stroma
Categories
Funding
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre training grant [C157/A25186]
- Medical Research Council (MRC) [MR/K50080X/1]
- University of Edinburgh Global Research Scholarship
- Cancer Research UK Career Development Fellowship [C49791/A17367]
- European Research Council [716379, 29440]
- MRC [MR/N022556/1]
- Cancer Research UK [C157/A15703]
- Cancer Research UK [17367] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [1584339, MR/N022556/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- MRC [MR/N022556/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- European Research Council (ERC) [716379] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant sites within the body to establish secondary tumors. Although this is an inefficient process, the consequences are devastating as metastatic disease accounts for >90% of cancer-related deaths. The formation of metastases is the result of a series of events that allow cancer cells to escape from the primary site, survive in the lymphatic system or blood vessels, extravasate and grow at distant sites. The metastatic capacity of a tumor is determined by genetic and epigenetic changes within the cancer cells as well as contributions from cells in the tumor microenvironment. Mouse models have proven to be an important tool for unraveling the complex interactions involved in the metastatic cascade and delineating its many stages. Here, we critically appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the current mouse models and highlight the recent advances that have been made using these models in our understanding of metastasis. We also discuss the use of these models for testing potential therapies and the challenges associated with the translation of these findings into the provision of new and effective treatments for cancer patients.
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