Journal
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
Volume 98, Issue 9, Pages 1857-1877Publisher
AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00317.1
Keywords
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Categories
Funding
- Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) [NE/J024252/1, NE/J022624/1, NE/J023515/1]
- ACID-PRUF [NE/I020059/1, NE/I020148/1]
- European Union BACCHUS [603445-BACCHUS]
- ACTRIS [262254, 654109]
- Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership (CSSP) China
- N8 consortium
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K000225/1]
- JASMIN via the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis - NERC
- UK Space Agency
- Royal Society
- Natural Environment Research Council
- CASE
- Met Office Hadley Centre
- European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC [FP7-280025]
- Department of Energy [DE-SC0007178]
- U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM-745986]
- NOAA
- NASA
- NOAA Climate Program Office
- NSF
- NASA Earth Science Project Office
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) CLOUD12 [01LK1222B]
- Swedish Research Council (VR)
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat (SPRS)
- Max Planck Society
- Ministry of the Environment in Japan [2-1403]
- Arctic Challenge for Sustainability (ArCS) project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) in Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) KAKENHI [JP16H01770, JP26701004, JP26241003]
- Lufthansa for enabling CARIBIC
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change - Jiangsu provincial government
- JirLATEST - Ministry of Education, China
- Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- DOE (BER/ASR) [DE-SC0016559]
- EPA STAR [83587701-0]
- NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment
- Environment and Climate Change Canada
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/K000225/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Natural Environment Research Council [NE/D013690/1, NE/J010073/1, NE/I020148/1, NE/J022624/1, NE/J023515/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- EPSRC [EP/K000225/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- NERC [NE/I020148/1, NE/J022624/1, NE/J024252/1, NE/D013690/1, NE/J010073/1, NE/J023515/1, NE/F019874/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0007178] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26701004, 26241003, 16H01770, 16H01772] Funding Source: KAKEN
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The largest uncertainty in the historical radiative forcing of climate is caused by changes in aerosol particles due to anthropogenic activity. Sophisticated aerosol microphysics processes have been included in many climate models in an effort to reduce the uncertainty. However, the models are very challenging to evaluate and constrain because they require extensive in situ measurements of the particle size distribution, number concentration, and chemical composition that are not available from global satellite observations. The Global Aerosol Synthesis and Science Project (GASSP) aims to improve the robustness of global aerosol models by combining new methodologies for quantifying model uncertainty, to create an extensive global dataset of aerosol in situ microphysical and chemical measurements, and to develop new ways to assess the uncertainty associated with comparing sparse point measurements with low-resolution models. GASSP has assembled over 45,000 hours of measurements from ships and aircraft as well as data from over 350 ground stations. The measurements have been harmonized into a standardized format that is easily used by modelers and nonspecialist users. Available measurements are extensive, but they are biased to polluted regions of the Northern Hemisphere, leaving large pristine regions and many continental areas poorly sampled. The aerosol radiative forcing uncertainty can be reduced using a rigorous model-data synthesis approach. Nevertheless, our research highlights significant remaining challenges because of the difficulty of constraining many interwoven model uncertainties simultaneously. Although the physical realism of global aerosol models still needs to be improved, the uncertainty in aerosol radiative forcing will be reduced most effectively by systematically and rigorously constraining the models using extensive syntheses of measurements.
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