Journal
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
Volume 37, Issue -, Pages 164-175Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.053
Keywords
Aplysia depilans; Anti-inflammatory; iNOS expression; Cytotoxicity; Caspase 3/7; Marine nutraceuticals
Categories
Funding
- FCT/MEC, Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia/Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia [UID/QUI/50006/2013, UID/QUI/00062/2013]
- European Union (FEDER under the Partnership Agreement PT)
- Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE), under the PORTUGAL Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000024]
- FCT PhD Programme in Medicines and Pharmaceutical Innovation (i3DU) [PD/BD/113565/2015]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/QUI/00062/2013, PD/BD/113565/2015] Funding Source: FCT
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Aplysia sea hares are harmless to humans and good materials for producing compounds with pharmacological properties. Aplysia species have been investigated for their human nutritional value. The knowledge on the metabolic machinery from edible Aplysia depilans Gmelin is herein broadened by identifying chlorophylls, phenolic acids, terpenes, including xanthophylls, and alkaloids, some being reported for the first time both in the species and genus. The anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide, revealing that A. depilans ethyl acetate partionated fraction interfered with cellular NO levels, mainly due to a decrease on inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. A strong capacity to inhibit phospholipase A(2) and 5-lipoxygenase was also evidenced. Morphological studies with SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells demonstrated chromatin condensation compatible with apoptosis, confirmed by the activation of caspase 3/7. The anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects reinforce A. depilans as an interesting ingredient to be included on the formulation of smart foods and/or nutraceuticals. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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