Journal
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
Volume 11, Issue 10, Pages 1163-1170Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.10.013
Keywords
Microglia; TYROBP; Mutation; Inflammation; Gene expression; Protein
Categories
Funding
- National Institutes of Health [P01-AG02219, P50-AG05138, MH066392]
- Veteran Administration MIRECC
- Leir Foundation
- Department of Scientific Computing at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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Introduction: The objective of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) risk variant, neuropathological lesions, alterations in gene and protein expression, and the severity of neuroinflammation. Methods: The genetic association study of the R47 H TREM2 variant with Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuropathology, and changes in TREM2 and TYRO protein tyrosine kinase-binding protein (TYROBP) gene and protein expression, and neuroinflammatory markers. Results: The TREM2 variant is associated with: (i) AD (odds ratio: 4.76; P = .014); (ii) increased density of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in multiple brain regions; (iii) increased TREM2 (P = .041) and TYROBP (P = .006) gene expression; (iv) decreased TREM2 protein levels (P = .016); and (v) upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted [RANTES] and interferon [IFN] gamma) (P = .003) and nominal downregulation of protective markers (alpha 2-macroglobulin, interleukin 4 or IL-4, and ApoA1) (P = .018). Discussion: These findings link the TREM2 missense mutation with specific molecular abnormalities and increases in neuropathological lesions in the human brain. (C) 2015 The Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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