Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 11, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00380
Keywords
Xenopus laevis; olfactory receptor neurons; neuronal stem cells; degeneration; regeneration; glomerulus; network reconstruction
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Funding
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) [MA 4113/3-1, Schwerpunktprogramm 1392]
- Cluster of Excellence and DFG Research Center Nanoscalc Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain
- German Ministry of Research and Education (Bundesminislerium fur Bildung und Forschung, BMBF) [1364480]
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Understanding the mechanisms involved in maintaining lifelong neurogenesis has a clear biological and clinical interest. In the present study, we performed olfactory nerve transection on larval Xenopus to induce severe damage to the olfactory circuitry. We surveyed the timing of the degeneration, subsequent rewiring and functional regeneration of the olfactory system following injury. A range of structural labeling techniques and functional calcium imaging were performed on both tissue slices and whole brain preparations. Cell death of olfactory receptor neurons and proliferation of stem cells in the olfactory epithelium were immediately increased following lesion. New olfactory receptor neurons repopulated the olfactory epithelium and once again showed functional responses to natural odorants within 1 week after transection. Reinnervation of the olfactory bulb (OB) by newly formed olfactory receptor neuron axons also began at this time. Additionally, we observed a temporary increase in cell death in the OB and a subsequent loss in OB volume. Mitral/tufted cells, the second order neurons of the olfactory system, largely survived, but transiently lost dendritic tuft complexity. The first odorant-induced responses in the OB were observed 3 weeks after nerve transection and the olfactory network showed signs of major recovery, both structurally and functionally, after 7 weeks.
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