Journal
CIRP ANNALS-MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
Volume 66, Issue 1, Pages 53-56Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.109
Keywords
Manufacturing; Energy; Lithium ion battery pack
Funding
- National Science Foundation [CBET-1351602]
- Argonne National Laboratory
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Lithium ion batteries (LIB) are widely used to power electric vehicles. Here we report a comprehensive manufacturing energy analysis of the popular LMO-graphite LIB pack used on Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt. A 24 kWh battery pack with 192 prismatic cells is analysed at each manufacturing process from mixing, coating, calendaring, notching till final cutting and assembly, with data collected and modelled from real industrial processes. It is found that 29.9 GJ of energy is embedded in the battery materials, 58.7 GJ energy consumed in the battery cell production, and 0.3 GJ energy for the final battery pack assembly. (C) 2017 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of CIRP.
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