Journal
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
Volume 846, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
IOP Publishing Ltd
DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aa81cf
Keywords
cosmology: observations; galaxies: abundances; intergalactic medium; quasars: absorption lines
Categories
Funding
- Munich Institute for Astro-and Particle Physics (MIAPP) of the DFG cluster of excellence Origin and Structure of the universe
- Spanish grant [AYA2012-33938]
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science
- University of Arizona
- Brazilian Participation Group
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- University of Florida
- French Participation Group
- German Participation Group
- Harvard University
- Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
- Michigan State/Notre Dame/JINA Participation Group
- Johns Hopkins University
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
- Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics
- New Mexico State University
- New York University
- Ohio State University
- Pennsylvania State University
- University of Portsmouth
- Princeton University
- Spanish Participation Group
- University of Tokyo
- University of Utah
- Vanderbilt University
- University of Virginia
- University of Washington
- Yale University
- Carnegie Mellon University
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We study the mean absorption spectrum of the Damped Ly alpha (DLA) population at z similar to 2.6 by stacking normalized, rest-frame-shifted spectra of similar to 27,000 DLA systems from the DR12 of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS)/SDSS-III. We measure the equivalent widths of 50 individual metal absorption lines in five intervals of DLA hydrogen column density, five intervals of DLA redshift, and overall mean equivalent widths for an additional 13 absorption features from groups of strongly blended lines. The mean equivalent width of lowionization lines increases with NH I, whereas for high-ionization lines the increase is much weaker. The mean metal line equivalent widths decrease by a factor similar to 1.1-1.5 from z similar to 2.1 to z similar to 3.5, with small or no differences between low-and high-ionization species. We develop a theoretical model, inspired by the presence of multiple absorption components observed in high-resolution spectra, to infer mean metal column densities from the equivalent widths of partially saturated metal lines. We apply this model to 14 low-ionization species and to Al III, S III, Si III, C IV, Si IV, N V, and O VI. We use an approximate derivation for separating the equivalent width contributions of several lines to blended absorption features, and infer mean equivalent widths and column densities from lines of the additional species N I, Zn II, C II*, Fe III, and S IV. Several of these mean column densities of metal lines in DLAs are obtained for the first time; their values generally agree with measurements of individual DLAs from highresolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra when they are available.
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