Bimetallic catalysis for C-C and C-X coupling reactions

Bimetallic catalysis represents an alternative paradigm for coupling chemistry that complements the more traditional single-site catalysis approach. In this perspective, recent advances in bimetallic systems for catalytic C-C and C-X coupling reactions are reviewed. Behavior which complements that of established single-site catalysts is highlighted. Two major reaction classes are covered. First, generation of catalytic amounts of organometallic species of e.g. Cu,Au,or Ni capable of transmetallation to a Pd co- catalyst (or other traditional cross-coupling catalyst) has allowed important new C-C coupling technologies to emerge. Second, catalytic transformations involving binuclear bond-breaking and/epresent a frontier area for C-C and C-X coupling processes.