Journal
CANCER LETTERS
Volume 404, Issue -, Pages 8-18Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.002
Keywords
Circular RNAs; MicroRNA sponge; Transcription regulation; m(6)A-driven translation; Cancer biomarkers
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81372149, 81401894, 81402289]
- National Science Foundation Projects of Guangdong Province [2014A030313547]
- Outstanding Young Teachers Project in Colleges and Universities of Guangdong Province [YQ2015144]
- Shenzhen Municipal Government of China [JCYJ20160427105140594, KQCX20140519104925300, JCYJ20140418091413510, JCYJ20160307155641741, JCYJ2016042209191468, GJHZ20160301164637011]
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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of endogenous RNAs, formed by exon skipping or back-splicing events as covalently closed loops, which are expressed abundantly in mammalian cells. Although their biological functions remain largely unknown, recent studies show that circRNAs have three main functions in mammalian cells. First, circRNAs can regulate transcription and RNA splicing. Second, circRNAs function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. Third, they can be translated into protein driven by N-6-methyladenosine modification. Taking advantage of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology, the expressions of circRNAs were found to be dysregulated in all types of cancer cell lines, tumor tissues, and even plasma samples from patients, which correlated with certain clinical characteristics, suggesting the potential roles of circRNAs in tumor progression. Considering their conserved sequences and stable structures, circRNAs were deemed to be promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction of cancer. In this review, we describe briefly the formation and properties of circRNAs, and focus mainly on recent progress in research into their function, regulation, and clinical relevance in different cancers. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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