Journal
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
Volume 46, Issue 34, Pages 11363-11371Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01903c
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21231007, 21572282, 21601210]
- 973 Program [2014CB845604, 2015CB856301]
- Ministry of Education of China [IRT_17R111]
- Guangdong Natural Science Foundation [2015A030306023]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
- Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China [2015M572397]
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Metal N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes represent a promising class of anticancer therapeutic agents. In this work, four cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1-Ir4) containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been explored as mitochondrial anticancer and photodynamic agents. These complexes are more cytotoxic than cisplatin against the cancer cells screened, can quickly penetrate into A549 cells and are mainly localized in the mitochondria. Mechanism studies show that these complexes exert their anticancer efficacy by increasing the intracellular ROS level, reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and inducing apoptosis. Additionally, Ir1-Ir4 exhibited two orders of magnitude higher cytotoxicity upon irradiation at 450 nm LED light. Our work provides a strategy for the design of highly effective anticancer photodynamic therapeutic agent based phosphorescent iridium complexes.
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