Journal
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 89, Issue 18, Pages 9967-9975Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02319
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Funding
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health [R21GM107805]
- NSF [OCE 1131134]
- Academic Science Education and Research Training (ASERT) program [NIH K12GM088021]
- UNM Health Sciences Center
- UNM Cancer Center
- NCI [2P30 CA118100-11]
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Flow cytometry provides highly sensitive multiparameter analysis of cells and particles but has been largely limited to the use of a single focused sample stream. This limits the analytical rate to similar to 50K particles/s and the volumetric rate to similar to 250 mu L/min. Despite the analytical prowess of flow cytometry, there are applications where these rates are insufficient, such as rare cell analysis in high, cellular backgrounds (e.g., circulating tumor cells and fetal cells in maternal blood), detection of cells/particles in large dilute samples (e.g., water quality, urine analysis); or high throughput screening applications. Here we report a highly parallel acoustic flow cytometer that uses an acoustic standing wave to focus particles into 16 parallel analysis points across a 2.3 mm wide optical flow cell. A line-focused laser and wide-field collection optics are used to excite and collect the fluorescence emission of these parallel streams onto a highspeed: camera for analysis. With this instrument format and fluorescent microsphere standards, we obtain analysis rates of 100K/s and flow rates of 10 mL/min, while maintaining optical performance comparable to that of a commercial flow cytometer. The results with our initial prototype instrument demonstrate that the integration of key parallelizable components, including the line-focused laser, particle focusing using multinode acoustic standing waves, and a spatially arrayed detector, can increase analytical and volumetric throughputs by orders of magnitude in a compact, simple, and cost-effective platform. Such instruments will be of great value to applications in need of high-throughput yet sensitive flow cytometry analysis.
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