Journal
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
Volume 31, Issue 10, Pages -Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3979
Keywords
emodin; glucuronide; LC-QqQ-MS; metabolites
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81403314]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2015PT032]
- Open Project Program of MOE Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance [DQCP2015MS03]
- Open Project Program of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards [201503]
- Natural Research Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BK20161456]
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Emodin is the representative form of rhubarb, which is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of purgative, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and antiviral, etc. Previous reports demonstrated that emodin glucuronide was the major metabolite in plasma. Owing to the extensive conjugation reactions of polyphenols, the aim of this study was to identify the metabolites of emodin in rat bile and urine. Neutral loss and precursor ion scan methods of triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer revealed 13 conjugated metabolites in rat bile and 22 metabolites in rat urine, which included four phase I and 18 phase II metabolites. The major metabolites in rat biosamples were emodin glucuronoconjugates. Moreover, rhein monoglucuronide, chrysophanol monoglucuronide and rhein sulfate were proposed for the first time after oral administration of emodin. Overall, liquid chromatography hybrid triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis leads to the discovery of several novel emodin metabolites in rat bile and urine and underscores that conjugated with glucuronic acid is the main metabolic pathway.
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