Journal
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
Volume 14, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700179
Keywords
Volatiles; Antioxidants; Lignin derivatives; Terpenoids; Bioactive compounds
Funding
- Croatian Science Foundation [HRZZ-IP-11-2013-8547]
- Polish National Science Centre [DEC-2014/15/N/NZ9/04058]
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GC/MS of headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and solvent extractives along with targeted HPLC-DAD of Polish fir (Abies alba Mill.) honeydew honey (FHH), were used to determine the chemical profiles and potential markers of botanical origin. Additionally, typical physical-chemical parameters were also assigned. The values determined for FHH were: conductivity (1.2mS/cm), water content (16.7g/100g), pH (4.5), and CIE chromaticity coordinates (L*=48.4, a*=20.6, b*=69.7, C*=72.9, and h degrees=73.5). FHH contained moderate-high total phenolic content (533.2mgGAE/kg) and antioxidant activity (1.1mmolTEAC/kg) and (3.2mmolFe(2+)/kg) in DPPH and FRAP assays. The chemical profiles were dominated by source plant-originated benzene derivatives: 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (up to 8.7mg/kg, HPLC/honey solution), methyl syringate (up to 14.5%, GC/solvent extracts) or benzaldehyde (up to 43.7%, GC/headspace). Other markers were terpenes including norisoprenoid (4-hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, up to 20.3%, GC/solvent extracts) and monoterpenes, mainly linalool derivatives (up to 49%, GC/headspace) as well as borneol (up to 5.9%, GC/headspace). The application of various techniques allowed comprehensive characterisation of FHH. 4-Hydroxy-3,5,6-trimethyl-4-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-one, coniferyl alcohol, borneol, and benzaldehyde were first time proposed for FHH screening. Protocatechuic acid may be a potential marker of FFH regardless of the geographical origin.
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