Journal
CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH
Volume 100, Issue -, Pages 385-397Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.08.006
Keywords
Chloride (D); Corrosion (C); Electrochemical properties (C); Pore solution (B); Alkali activated cement (D)
Funding
- European Research Council under European Union's Seventh Framework Programme/ERC [335928]
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The passivation and chloride-induced depassivation of steel rebars immersed in varying alkaline environments (0.80 M, 1.12 M and 1.36 M NaOH solutions), simulating the pore solutions of low-Ca alkali-activated concretes, were investigated using a range of electrochemical techniques. The passive film on the steel rebars was complex in chemical makeup, composed of Fe hydroxides, oxy-hydroxides and oxides. An increased degree of passivation of the rebars was observed when exposed to solutions with higher hydroxide concentrations. The critical chloride level ([Cl-]/[OH-] ratio) required to induce depassivation of steel was strongly dependent on the alkalinity of the pore solution, and was found to be 0.90, 1.70 and 2.40 for 0.80 M, 1.12 M and 1.36 M NaOH solutions, respectively. These values all correspond to a constant value of [Cl-]/[OH-](3) = 1.25, which is a novel relationship to predict the onset of pitting, interlinking chloride concentration and the solubility of the passive film.
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