Journal
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
Volume 33, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2203-4
Keywords
Biofilm; Biocide; D-Amino acid; Chelator; Norspermidine; Bacteriophage; Antibacterial stainless steel; Biocide resistance
Categories
Funding
- China Postdoctoral Research Foundation
- Beijing Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51501203, U1660118]
- National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2014CB643300]
- National Environmental Corrosion Platform (NECP)
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In nature, microorganisms tend to form biofilms that consist of extracellular polymeric substances with embedded sessile cells. Biofilms, especially mixed-culture synergistic biofilm consortia, are notoriously difficult to treat. They employ various defense mechanisms against attacks from antimicrobial agents. Problematic industrial biofilms cause biofouling as well as biocorrosion, also known as microbiologically influenced corrosion. Biocides are often used to treat biofilms together with scrubbing or pigging. Unfortunately, chemical treatments suppress vulnerable microbial species while allowing resistant species to take over. Repeated treatment cycles are typically needed in biofilm mitigation. This leads to biocide dosage escalation, causing environmental problems, higher costs and sometimes operational problems such as scale formation. New treatment methods are being developed such as enhanced biocide treatment and bacteriophage treatment. Special materials such as antibacterial stainless steels are also being created to combat biofilms. This review discussed some of the advances made in the fight against problematic industrial biofilms.
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