Journal
ACS NANO
Volume 11, Issue 11, Pages 11118-11126Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b05264
Keywords
MXene; intercalation; pillaring; neutron scattering quartz crystal microbalance; humidity sensor
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Funding
- Fluid Interface Reactions, Structures and Transport (FIRST) Center
- Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- Scientific User Facilities Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231]
- National Science Foundation [DMR-1508249]
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Understanding of structural, electrical, and gravimetric peculiarities of water vapor interaction with ion-intercalated MXenes led to design of a multimodal humidity sensor. Neutron scattering coupled to molecular dynamics and ab initio calculations showed that a small amount of hydration results in a significant increase in the spacing between MXene layers in the presence of K and Mg intercalants between the layers. Films of K- and Mg-intercalated MXenes exhibited relative humidity (RH) detection thresholds of 40.8% RH and showed monotonic RH response in the 0-85% RH range. We found that MXene gravimetric response to water is 10 times faster than their electrical response, suggesting that H2O induced swelling/contraction of channels between MXene sheets results in trapping of H2O molecules that act as charge-depleting dopants. The results demonstrate the use of MXenes as humidity sensors and infer potential impact of water on structural and electrical performance of MXene-based devices.
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