Journal
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
Volume 43, Issue 16, Pages 13702-13709Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.07.082
Keywords
Polymer binder; Hydroxyapatite bioceramic bone scaffolds; Three-dimensional printing; Molecular dynamics; Bonding mechanism
Categories
Funding
- China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201606290095]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51175432]
- key Industrial Science and technology projects of Shaanxi [2015GY047]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [NSERC RGPIN-2014-05648]
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Binder properties are a key factor affecting the quality of bone scaffolds produced using 3D powder printing. In this research, molecular dynamics simulation (MD) and experimental methods were applied to study the cohesive energy density, mechanical properties, bonding behavior, and surface morphology of three polymer binders (PVP, PAM, PVA) employed in the 3D fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HA) bone scaffolds. The bonding mechanisms of the three polymer binders were revealed by analyzing the interaction between the binders and the HA surface. The binding energies between the binders and HA are associated with the cohesive energy density and viscosity of each of the binders, which are attributed to functional groups in the binders. The mechanical properties determined experimentally for the bone scaffolds produced using each of the three polymer binders were in a different relative order than the engineering modulus of the binders and the interaction between the binders and HA calculated in simulations. This is a reflection of the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds being a comprehensive reflection of the basic materials and their bonding effect. Finally, SEM imaging indicated additional factors affecting the mechanical properties and degradation rate of the scaffolds. Conclusions from this work can be used to forecast the properties of three commonly used polymer binders and provide a theoretical basis for the choice of binders in the production of 3DP-fabricated bone scaffolds.
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