Journal
VETERINARY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA-FOOD ANIMAL PRACTICE
Volume 33, Issue 2, Pages 153-+Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2017.02.008
Keywords
Lameness; Animal welfare; The five freedoms
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The five freedoms offer a framework for discussion of lameness and its impact on the welfare of cows. Altered feeding behavior is a cause of reduced body condition, smaller digital cushion, and lameness. Providing a comfortable environment is critical to recovery and welfare. Pain associated with injury or disease of feet or legs is manifested by lameness. Pain management is an important part of therapy. In cases of severe lameness, euthanasia may be preferred. Lameness interferes with an animal's ability to exhibit natural behaviors by altering lying time, social interaction, ovarian activity and estrus intensity, and rumination behavior.
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