Journal
ADVANCED MATERIALS
Volume 29, Issue 37, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201702210
Keywords
ferroelectricity; ferroelectric memories; flexoelectricity; mechanical properties; mechanical reading polarity
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Funding
- ERC Starting Grant [308023]
- Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) [FIS2013-48668-C2-1-P, FIS2015-73932-JIN, MAT2014-57960-C3-1-R]
- Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)
- Severo Ochoa Program (MINECO) [SEV-2013-0295]
- Generalitat de Catalunya [2014-SGR-1015, 2014-SGR-1216]
- European Research Council (ERC) [308023] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)
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The mechanical properties of materials are insensitive to space inversion, even when they are crystallographically asymmetric. In practice, this means that turning a piezoelectric crystal upside down or switching the polarization of a ferroelectric should not change its mechanical response. Strain gradients, however, introduce an additional source of asymmetry that has mechanical consequences. Using nanoindentation and contact-resonance force microscopy, this study demonstrates that the mechanical response to indentation of a uniaxial ferroelectric (LiNbO3) does change when its polarity is switched, and use this mechanical asymmetry both to quantify its flexoelectricity and to mechanically read the sign of its ferroelectric domains.
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