Journal
ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
Volume 43, Issue 6, Pages 1085-1104Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.01.023
Keywords
Ultrasound; Mechanical effect; Biological effect; Cavitation
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)
- Canada Research Chairs program
- University of Saskatchewan
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Ultrasound is widely used for medical diagnosis and increasingly for therapeutic purposes. An understanding of the bio-effects of sonography is important for clinicians and scientists working in the field because permanent damage to biological tissues can occur at high levels of exposure. Here the underlying principles of thermal mechanisms and the physical interactions of ultrasound with biological tissues are reviewed. Adverse health effects derived from cellular studies, animal studies and clinical reports are reviewed to provide insight into the in vitro and in vivo bio-effects of ultrasound. (E-mail: z. izadifar@gmail. com or zai206@mail. usask. ca) (C) 2017 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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