Journal
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
Volume 35, Issue -, Pages 518-524Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.09.013
Keywords
Acoustic cavitation; Acoustic streaming; Propagation in bubbly liquids; Bjerknes force
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The steady liquid flow observed under ultrasonic emitters generating acoustic cavitation can be successfully predicted by a standard turbulent flow calculation. The flow is driven by the classical averaged volumetric force density calculated from the acoustic field, but the inertial term in Naviet-Stokes equations must be kept, and a turbulent solution must besought. The acoustic field must be computed with a realistic model, properly. accounting for dissipation by the cavitation bubbles [Louisnard, Ultrason. Sonochem., 19, (2012) 56-65]. Comparison with 20 kHz experiments, involving the combination of acoustic streaming and a perpendicular forced flow in a duct, shows reasonably good agreement. Moreover, the persistence of the cavitation effects on the wall facing the emitter, in spite of the deflection of the streaming jet, is correctly reproduced by the model. It is also shown that predictions based either on linear acoustics with the correct turbulent solution, or with Louisnard's model with Eckart-Nyborg's theory yields unrealistic results. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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