Journal
ADVANCES IN MEDICAL SCIENCES
Volume 62, Issue 2, Pages 246-253Publisher
MEDICAL UNIV BIALYSTOK
DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2016.11.011
Keywords
Epilepsy; Matrix metalloproteinases; Pilocarpine; PI3K/Akt signaling; Tangeretin
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Purpose: Epilepsy is complex neural disarray categorized by recurring seizures. Despite recent advances in pharmacotherapies for epilepsy, its treatment remains a challenge due to the contrary effects of the drugs. As a result, the identification of novel anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) with neuroprotective properties and few side effects is of great value. Thus, the present study assessed the treatment effects of tangeretin using a rat model of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy. Materials and Methods: Separate groups of male Wistar rats received oral administrations of tangeretin at 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg for 10 days and then, on the 10th day, they received an intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (30 mg/kg). Subsequently, neuronal degeneration and apoptosis were assessed using Nissl staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay procedures. Additionally, the expressions of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K/Akt) pathway proteins, cleaved caspase-3, Bad, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Bax were determined using Western blot analyses. Results: Tangeretin reduced the seizure scores and latency to first seizure of the rats and effectively activated the pilocarpine-induced suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling. Additionally, tangeretin effectively regulated the levels of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) in mitochondria as well as the expressions of apoptotic pathway proteins. Seizure-induced elevations in the activities and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-2 and -9 were also modulated. Conclusion: The present results indicate that tangeretin exerted potent neuroprotective effects against pilocarpine-induced seizures via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling and the regulation of MMPs. (C) 2017 Medical University of Bialystok. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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