Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
Volume 40, Issue -, Pages 1-7Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbI.2017.06.011
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Funding
- 'Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development' Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea [PJ010953012017]
- Rural Development Administration (RDA), Republic of Korea [PJ010953012017] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Among the many organelles in eukaryotic cells, chloroplasts have the most complex structure, with multiple suborganellar membranes, making protein targeting to chloroplasts, particularly to various suborganellar membranes, highly challenging. Multiple mechanisms function in the biogenesis of chloroplast membrane proteins. Nuclear-encoded nascent proteins can be targeted to the outer envelope membrane directly from the cytosol after translation, but their targeting to the inner envelope and thylakoid membranes requires multiple steps, including cytosolic sorting, translocation across the envelope membranes, sorting in the stroma, and insertion into their target membranes. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the sorting mechanisms of proteins to the two envelope membranes and the thylakoid membrane, along with perspectives for future research.
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