Journal
CELLULAR SIGNALLING
Volume 40, Issue -, Pages 99-115Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.09.004
Keywords
Hyperpigmentation; Inhibitors; Whitening agents; Melanin; Melanogenesis; Melasma; Tyrosinase
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) - Ministry of Education, Science and Technology [2009-0093815]
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Human skin, eye and hair color rely on the production of melanin, depending on its quantity, quality, and distribution, Melanin plays a monumental role in protecting the skin against the harmful effect of ultraviolet radiation and oxidative stress from various environmental pollutants. However, an excessive production of melanin causes serious dermatological problems such as freckles, solar lentigo (age spots), melasma, as well as cancer. Hence, the regulation of melanin production is important for controlling the hyper-pigmentation. Melanogenesis, a biosynthetic pathway to produce melanin pigment in melanocyte, involves a series of intricate enzymatic and chemical catalyzed reactions. Several extrinsic factors include ultraviolet radiation and chemical drugs, and intrinsic factors include molecules secreted by surrounding keratinocytes or melanocytes, and fibroblasts, all of which regulate melanogenesis. This article reviews recent advances in the development of melanogenesis inhibitors that directly/indirectly target melanogenesis-related signaling pathways. Efforts have been made to provide a description of the mechanism of action of inhibitors on various melanogenesis signaling pathways.
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