Journal
TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 38, Issue 8, Pages 542-557Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.05.005
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Funding
- Training Grant from the Fonds de la recherche en sante du Quebec
- National Institutes of Health [AI085043, AI105500, AR067763, CA190449]
- CIHR Foundation Grant [FDN148386]
- Medicine by Design Award [C1TPA-2016-20]
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Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are emerging as key drivers of inflammation and immunosuppression in chronic infection. Control of these infections requires IFN-I signaling; however, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction. IFN-Is are also emerging as double-edged swords in cancer, providing necessary inflammatory signals, while initiating feedback suppression in both immune and cancer cells. Here, we review the proinflammatory and suppressive mechanisms potentiated by IFN-Is during chronic virus infections and discuss the similar, newly emerging dichotomy in cancer. We then discuss how this understanding is leading to new therapeutic concepts and immunotherapy combinations. We propose that, by modulating the immune response at its foundation, it may be possible to widely reshape immunity to control these chronic diseases.
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