Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 56, Issue 49, Pages 15520-15538Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700684
Keywords
aerogels; foams; functional materials; materials science; sponges
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Funding
- [SFB 840]
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Low-density macroporous sponges with densities less than 100 mg cm(-3) are both a challenge and an opportunity for advanced chemistry and material science. The challenge lies in the precise preparation of the sponges with property combinations that lead to novel applications. Bottom-up and top-down chemical and engineering methods for the preparation of sponges are a major focus of this Review, with an emphasis on carbon and polymer materials. The light weight, sustainability, breathability, special wetting characteristics, large mass transfer, mechanical stability, and large pore volume are typical characteristics of sponges made of advanced materials and could lead to novel applications. Some selected sponge properties and potential applications are discussed.
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