Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
Volume 70, Issue 6, Pages 778-786Publisher
W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.06.027
Keywords
Epidemiology; cohort study; Mediterranean diet; nephrolithiasis; kidney stone; dietary pattern; modifiable risk factor; incidence
Categories
Funding
- Spanish Government-Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Fund for Regional and Economic Development (FEDER) [RD 06/0045]
- European Fund for Regional and Economic Development (Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red-Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion [CIBER-OBN]) [PI10/02658, PI10/02293, PI13/00615, PI14/01668, PI14/01798, PI14/01764, G03/140]
- Navarra Regional Government [45/2011, 122/2014]
- University of Navarra
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Background: Diet plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Limited data are available to investigate the association between a Mediterranean dietary pattern and risk for nephrolithiasis. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting & Participants: 16,094 men and women without a history of nephrolithiasis who participated in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra Follow-up (SUN) Project. Predictors: A validated 136-item food frequency questionnaire was used to assess baseline adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern that is high in fruits, vegetables, nuts, fish, and legumes, but moderate in alcohol and low in meats, saturated fats, and sugars. A Mediterranean dietary pattern score was calculated and categorized into 3 groups (0-3, 4-6, and 7-9 points). Additional factors included in statistical models were sex, age, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, time spent watching television, following a medical nutritional therapy, water and energy intake, calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and history of hypertension or diabetes. Outcomes: Incidence of nephrolithiasis. Participants were classified as having incident nephrolithiasis if they reported a physician-made diagnosis of nephrolithiasis during follow-up. Results: After a mean follow-up of 9.6 years, 735 new cases of nephrolithiasis were identified. The multivariable HRs of nephrolithiasis for the 2 highest categories of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, using the lowest category as the reference, were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.79-1.09) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.48-0.87); P for trend = 0.01. The risk for nephrolithiasis was lower with greater consumption of dairy products and vegetables and greater with higher monounsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio. Limitations: No information for kidney stone composition. Conclusions: Greater adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern was associated with reduced risk for incident nephrolithiasis. Additional longitudinal studies are needed. (C) 2017 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
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