Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW B
Volume 96, Issue 19, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.195165
Keywords
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Funding
- NSF [EFRI 2-DARE, 1542807]
- National Science Foundation [TG-DMR120073, ACI-1053575]
- NERSC [88881]
- Odyssey cluster
- FAS Research Computing Group at Harvard University
- Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities
- Directorate For Engineering [1542807] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Small polaron formation in transition metal oxides, like the prototypical material rutile TiO2, remains a puzzle and a challenge to simple theoretical treatment. In our combined experimental and theoretical study, we examine this problem using Raman spectroscopy of photoexcited samples and real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT), which employs Ehrenfest dynamics to couple the electronic and ionic subsystems. We observe experimentally the unexpected stiffening of the A(1g) phonon mode under UV illumination and provide a theoretical explanation for this effect. Our analysis also reveals a possible reason for the observed anomalous temperature dependence of the Hall mobility. Small polaron formation in rutile TiO2 is a strongly nonadiabatic process and is adequately described by Ehrenfest dynamics at time scales of polaron formation.
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