Gender-related association between uric acid, homocysteine, γ-glutamyltransferase, inflammatory biomarkers and metabolic syndrome in subjects affected by obesity

Aim: Evaluation of gender-related differences in uric acid (UA), homocysteine and inflammatory biomarkers as metabolic syndrome (MetS) determinants. Patients & methods: Anthropometric and routine data were obtained from 825 obese subjects (591 F, mean age 54 +/- 14 years). Results: Hyperuricemia was 24% in both genders. Waist circumference, creatinine, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and.-glutamyltransferase were identified as UA-independent determinants in females and creatinine and insulin in males. Hyperuricemia increased MetS risk in both genders (2.8-fold and 1.5-fold in males and females). Conclusion: UA and.-glutamyltransferase positively relate to MetS in both genders, although inflammatory abnormalities are closer related to UA and MetS in females. These differences in gender physiology may account for epidemiologic gender disparities and help to develop gender-targeted clinical strategies.