Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 7, Issue 24, Pages 13415-13421Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02104
Keywords
polymer solar cells; TFSA doping; charge transfer; carrier mobility; Fermi level
Funding
- Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [CUHK2/CRF/08, CUHK4182/09E, CUHK4179/10E, N-CUHK405/12, AoE/P-03/08]
- National Science Foundation of China [61229401]
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Organic solar cells based on bis(trifluoromethanesulfony1)amide (TFSA, [CF3SO2](2)NH) bulk doped poly[N-9 ''-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole) (PCDTBT):C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were fabricated to study the effect of molecular doping. By adding TFSA (0.2-0.8 wt %, TFSA to PCDTBT) in the conventional PCDTBT:PC71BM blends, we found that the hole mobility was increased with the reduced series resistance in photovoltaic devices. The p-doping effect of TFSA was confirmed by photoemission spectroscopy that the Fermi level of doped PCDTBT shifts downward to the HOMO level and it results in a larger internal electrical field at the donor/acceptor interface for more efficient charge transfer. Moreover, the doping effect was also confirmed by charge modulated electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS), showing that there are additional polaron signals in the sub-bandgap region in the doped thin films. With decreased series resistance, the open-circuit voltage (V-oc) was increased from 0.85 to 0.91 V and the fill factor (FF) was improved from 60.7% to 67.3%, resulting in a largely enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 5.39% to 6.46%. Our finding suggests the molecular doping by TFSA can be a fade approach to improve the electrical properties of organic materials for future development of organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs).
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