Journal
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
Volume 150, Issue -, Pages 163-174Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.clay.2017.09.028
Keywords
Kaolin; Kaolinite; Synchrotron light source; X-ray diffraction; Basal plane; Prism plane; Preferred particle orientation; Freezing; Heating; Orientation index; Thermo-mechanical
Funding
- U. S. Army Research Laboratory
- U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-16-1-0336]
- Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program at Brookhaven National Laboratory [16-019]
- DOE Office of Science [DE-SC0012704]
- U.S. DOE Office of Science Facility, at Brookhaven National Laboratory [DE-SC0012704]
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The effects of temperature changes on the particle orientation of a consolidated kaolin are studied using XRD experiments. Two sets of equipment were utilized in this study: a benchtop equipment, and a synchrotron beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. The kaolin specimens tested in the benchtop XRD were subjected to elevated and freezing temperatures ex-situ, while those used for the NSLS-II experiment were exposed to the temperature changes in-situ. The temperatures considered in this study range from freezing (-10 degrees C) to elevated temperature below boiling (90 degrees C). The thermally-induced reorientation of clay mineral particles is highly dependent on the relative orientation of the clay mineral particles with respect to the applied thermal gradient. For example, kaolin samples with kaolinite particles oriented perpendicular to the thermal gradient, and to the expected thermally-induced pore water flow, experience much higher particles reorientations compared to samples with particles initially oriented parallel to the thermal gradient. Moreover, freezing kaolin preserved its microstructure as ice crystals form.
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